Serhii Zdioruk
PhD in Philosophy, Associate Professor, Merited Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Leading Research Fellow, Department for Research of Civil Society and Reintegration, National Institute for Strategic Studies
Pavlo Kryvonos
Honorary Professor of the Open International University of Human Development “Ukraine” and National Pedagogical Drahomanov University, Director-General of the State Enterprise “Directorate-General for Rendering Services to Diplomatic Missions”
DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2021-5
Abstract. The article covers the problems with respect to the resumption of the independence of the Ukrainian state that occurred after the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine approved the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine on 16 July 1990 and the Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine on 24 August 1991. The authors determine the influence of the Russian political establishment on Ukrainian state building, exerted by means of hybrid warfare against Ukraine. Also described are the threats to Ukraine’s national security posed by Russia, such as the occupation of Crimea and part of Donbas, sponsorship of terrorism at the state level, political blackmailing, expansion of the ‘Russian world’ in the Ukrainian humanitarian and political space, etc.
The article contains a comparative analysis of the processes of Ukrainian state building in the early and late 20th century as well as the geopolitical and domestic conditions in which the Ukrainian national vision was operationalised.
Keywords: Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine, hybrid warfare.
References
1. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (1990). Pro derzhavnyi suverenitet Ukrainy: Deklaratsiia Verkhovnoi Rady URSR no. 55-XII vid 16.07.1990 [online]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/55-12#Text [in Ukrainian].
2. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (1991). Pro proholoshennia nezalezhnosti Ukrainy: Postanova Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainskoi RSR no. 1427-XII vid 24.08.1991 [online]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1427-12#Text [in Ukrainian].
3. Kolodii, A. (2010). ‘Traiektoriia demokratychnoho perekhodu v Ukraini’ [Trajectory of Democratic Transition in Ukraine], in Antoshevskyi, A. et al. (eds). Transformatsiia v Polshchi i v Ukraini: 1989–2009. Vybrani aspekty [Transformation in Poland and Ukraine: 1989–2009]. Vrotslav, pp. 23–38. [in Ukrainian].
4. Stryzhak, A. (2014). Konstytutsiina reforma v Ukraini: peredumovy, meta ta sposoby realizatsii [Constitutional Reform in Ukraine: Preconditions, Purpose and Ways of Realization]. Viche, no. 23. [in Ukrainian].
5. For more details, see: Zdioruk, S. (2005). Suspilno-relihiini vidnosyny: vyklyky Ukraini XXI stolittia: monohrafiia [Sociopolitical Relations: Challenges for Ukraine in the 21st Century: A Monograph]. Kyiv: Znannia Ukrainy. [in Ukrainian].
6. Svedeniya o kolichestve zaregestrirovannykh religioznykh obedineniy [Data on the number of registered religious associations] (1990). Moskovskiy tserkovnyi vestnik, no. 2, p. 1. [in Russian].
7. Chekmishev, O. (1995). Ukrainska tserkva: istoriia, problemy, perspektyvy [Ukrainian Church: History, Problems, Prospects]. Sposterihach, no. 14. [in Ukrainian].
8. See: Official website of the Moscow Patriarchate (2017). V Ustav Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi vneseny izmeneniya, kasayushchiyesya Ukrainskoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi [online]. Available at: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/persons/30918/ [in Russian].
9. Zdioruk, S. et al. (eds). (2014). Ukraina ta proekt ‘russkogo mira’: analit. dop. [Ukraine and ‘Russian World’ Project: Analytical Report]. Kyiv: National Institute for Strategic Studies. [in Ukrainian].
10. Kondratiuk, V. (2020). ‘Relaks ne na chasi. Rozvidka nazvala holovni zovnishni zahrozy Elia Ukrainy’, Mirror Weekly, 1 August [online]. Available at: https://zn.ua/ukr/internal/relaks-ne-na-chasi.html [in Ukrainian].
11. Zdioruk, Ukraina ta proekt ‘russkogo mira’.
12. Office of the President of Ukraine (2020). Pytannia vyznachennia status okremykh relihiinykh sviat: Ukaz Prezydenta Ukrainy no. 303/2020 vid 30.07.2020 [online]. Available at: https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/3032020-34557 [in Ukrainian].
13. Cited after: Vision (n.d.). Ivan Franko: ‘Odvertyi lyst do halytskoi molodezhi’ – dlia uvazhnoho molodoho chytacha [online]. Available at: http://www.management.com.ua/vision/vis011.html [in Ukrainian].
14. Wikipedia (n.d.). Universaly Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady [online]. Available at: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Універсали_Української_Центральної_Ради [in Ukrainian].
15. Wikipedia (n.d.). Chetvertyi Universal Ukrainskoi Tsentralnoi Rady [online]. Available at: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Четвертий_Універсал_Української_Центральної_Ради [in Ukrainian].
16. Sushynskyi, O. (2002). Kontrol u sferi publichnoi vlady: teoretyko-metodolohichni ta orhanizatsiino-pravovi aspekty [Control in Public Governance: Theoretical, Methodological, Organisational, and Legal Aspects]. Lviv: Lviv Regional Institute for Public Administration. [in Ukrainian].
17. For more details, see: Zdioruk, S. et al. (2001). Problemy funktsionuvannia politychnykh partii Ukrainy v systemi vladnykh vidnosyn: monohrafiia [Problems in the Functioning of Political Parties in Ukraine in the System of Power Relations: A Monograph]. Kyiv: National Institute for Strategic Studies. [in Ukrainian].
18. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2020). Constitution of Ukraine: Zakon no. № 254k/96-VR vid 01.01.2020, pidstava 27-ІХ [online]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80/page3#Text [in Ukrainian].
19. Rechytskyi, V. (2014). Ukrainskyi konstytutsiinyi protses u 2014 rotsi [Ukrainian Constitutional Process in 2014]. Krytyka, no. 11–12 (205–206), pp. 18–26. [in Ukrainian].
20. Zdioruk, S. Problems in the Functioning of Political Parties, pp. 81–108.
21. Pasichnyk, M. (2010). Evoliutsiia ta kharakterni oznaky detsentralizatsii publichnoho upravlinnia [Evolution and Characteristic Features in the Decentralisation of Public Governance]. Visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii derzhavnoho upravlinnia, no. 4, p. 178. [in Ukrainian].
22. Morlino, L., Sadurski, W. (2012). Demokratyzatsiia i Yevropeiskyi Soiuz. Krainy Tsentralnoi i Skhidnoi Yevropy v pershomu desiatylitti XXI st. [Democratization and the European Union: Comparing Central and Eastern European Post-Communist Countries]. Kyiv: Ukrainskyi pysmennyk, p. 22. [in Ukrainian].
23. Kachka, T. (ed.). (2005). ‘Protocol pro zastosuvannia pryntsypiv subsydiarnosti ta proportsiinosti’ [Protocol on the Use of the Principles of Subsidiarity and Proportionality], in Konstytutsiini akty Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu [Constitutive Acts of the European Union]. Part I. Кyiv: Yustinian. [in Ukrainian].
24. Friedman, G. (2009). ‘Mir v sleduyushchiye 100 let’: kratkiy referat [The Next 100 Years: A Brief Synopsis]. New York: Institute of Democracy and Cooperation, p. 17. [in Russian].
25. ‘Komorovskyi vystupyv u Radi: bez vilnoi Ukrainy ne bude stabilnoi i bezpechnoi Yevropy’ (2015). Ukrainska pravda, 9 April [online]. Available at: http://www.eurointegration.com.ua/news/2015/04/9/7032756/ [in Ukrainian].
26. Official website of the Moscow Patriarchate (n.d.). Ustav Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi [online]. Available at: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/document/133114/ [in Russian].
27. Official website of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (n.d.). Statut pro upravlinnia Ukrainskoi Pravoslavnoi Tserkvy [online]. Available at: http://orthodox.org.ua/article/statut-pro-upravl%D1%96nnya-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-1 [in Ukrainian].
28. Official website of the Moscow Patriarchate (n.d.). Lazar, mitropolit Simferopolskiy i Krymskiy (Shvets Rostislav Filippovich) [online]. Available at: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/53175.html [in Russian].